No More Dividing Walls - Lectionary Reflection for Pentecost 8B (Ephesians 2)
Ephesians 2:11-22 New Revised Standard Version
11 So then, remember that at one time you Gentiles by birth, called “the uncircumcision” by those who are called “the circumcision”—a physical circumcision made in the flesh by human hands— 12 remember that you were at that time without Christ, being aliens from the commonwealth of Israel, and strangers to the covenants of promise, having no hope and without God in the world. 13 But now in Christ Jesus you who once were far off have been brought near by the blood of Christ. 14 For he is our peace; in his flesh he has made both groups into one and has broken down the dividing wall, that is, the hostility between us. 15 He has abolished the law with its commandments and ordinances, that he might create in himself one new humanity in place of the two, thus making peace, 16 and might reconcile both groups to God in one body through the cross, thus putting to death that hostility through it. 17 So he came and proclaimed peace to you who were far off and peace to those who were near; 18 for through him both of us have access in one Spirit to the Father. 19 So then you are no longer strangers and aliens, but you are citizens with the saints and also members of the household of God, 20 built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, with Christ Jesus himself as the cornerstone. 21 In him the whole structure is joined together and grows into a holy temple in the Lord; 22 in whom you also are built together spiritually into a dwelling place for God.
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It’s
been decades now since Ronald Reagan stood at the wall in West Berlin and
declared: “Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall.” Well, Mr. Gorbachev didn’t
actually tear down the wall, but in 1989, while the world watched (I watched)
residents of East and West Berlin mounted the wall and began to tear it down,
uniting the divided city. Before too long, the wall of separation that divided
East and West Germany came down as well, allowing the two parts of the country
to come back together. It was an amazing sight that for a moment gave the
illusion that a new age in world history had begun. Unfortunately, many
dividing walls remain in place across the globe, including in many of our
communities. There is a wall running through Palestine dividing Israel from the
Palestinian territories. There is the wall that runs across the southern border
of the United States that has become a focus of attention in the United States.
These are literal walls, but there are other walls that are spiritual/cultural/ethic
that continue to divide persons and communities from one another.
The
lectionary takes us back to the Ephesian letter for the Eighth Sunday after
Pentecost. In this letter, the author, whom we will again refer to as Paul even
though the authorship of the letter remains contested, speaks to a concern
present in the early church. That concern is the ongoing tension existing
between Jewish and Gentile believers. If, as many scholars believe, this letter
was written in Paul’s name after his death, we are reading a letter written as
Gentiles had begun to be the dominant group within the church. It would appear
that the wall of separation that we witness in the Galatian letter was still
present within the church. The letter is, it would appear, written to Gentile
believers because Paul reminds them that once they were strangers and aliens (xenoi)
and therefore far off from God’s people. That is, they are part of the
household of God that is built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets,
with Christ as the cornerstone. Therefore, while the Gentiles were once a people
without hope because they were without God, now they are no longer Gentiles but
they have become citizens in the Israel of God. Now that they have embraced the
message of Jesus there is no distinction between Jew and Gentile for all make
up the one people of God in Christ. Therefore, now Jew and Gentile were one people
in Christ.
In
fact, in Christ, God has created a new humanity, reconciling both Jew and
Gentile to God through the cross, “putting to death that hostility through it”
so that there might be peace (vss. 15-16).
That dividing wall has been broken down, just like the Berlin Wall. In
the process of doing this, we’re told that Christ has abolished the law, with
its commandments and ordinances. Most likely, the author has in mind the
ordinance of circumcision not God’s moral commands, like the commandment
against murder. What is abolished is the requirement to fulfill certain
observances that had once divided Jew and Gentile from each other and had
created hostility between the two. Note that in verse 11, Paul acknowledges
that the Gentiles had once been known as the “uncircumcised” by the
“circumcised.” Thus, for the citizens of God’s realm, circumcision had been the
marker, the documentation, of their citizenship (at least for males). The
hostility that had existed between those inside the household of God and those
outside based on circumcision as proper documentation of citizenship would have
to go if the church was going to move forward with both Jewish and Gentile
members.
The
dividing wall was demolished through the cross. Sammy Alfaro puts it this way:
In the one act of the cross, those who were far off and those who were near were reconciled unto God. No special shortcut treatment for the chosen nation and no back-of-the-line stiff-arm status for Gentiles. Hearkening to the Trinitarian blessings of God in the first chapter of the letter, access to God takes on Trinitarian form: the Son provides the means and the Spirit the avenue for reconciliation with the Father (v. 18) [Connections, p. 172].
To be in Christ is to become part of the Temple of God, the
place where God meets God’s people. The means of access to God has been opened
up to all through Christ. While there was, in the Jerusalem Temple, a “Court of
the Gentiles,” access to the Holy of Holies had been denied to them. Now, even
that was open to Gentiles through Christ, who is the fulfillment of the Law.
So,
what do we make of this word to the church? Do any walls of hostility still
exist within the church? By church, I don’t simply mean local congregations or
even denominations, I mean the church at large. The answer, of course, is yes,
walls still exist. Some are doctrinal, others are ethnic. Some churches fully welcome
LGBTQ persons, affirming their personhood so that there are no barriers to
their participation. They are, in Christ, fully citizens of the realm. There
are other churches that either won’t allow LGBTQ folk in the church or at the
very least limit how they are present (“don’t ask, don’t tell”). Some churches
ordain women and churches that don’t allow women to speak in the church (at
least not when men are present). I think you get the picture. We may say we are
one in Christ, but we remain divided. Thus, this word to the church given
centuries before must continually be revisited. What walls must come down
today? How is the Spirit at work breaking down these walls?
For more on this passage see my book: Ephesians: A Participatory Study Guide, Energion Publications, p. 23-33].
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