Martin Luther King, Jr.: A Theologian with a Passion for Reconciliation
By NOEL LEO ERSKINE MAR. 31, 2016 |
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Martin Luther King, Jr.
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Though revered and claimed as an inspiration by people with a wide range of religious and political commitments, Martin Luther King, Jr., as he often reminded audiences, was nurtured in the Black Church. King demanded justice for the powerless and advocated on behalf of the voiceless while a pastor in the Black Church. When he preached about the restoration of human relationships and communities, he used the Biblical language of the Black Church. In the sacred spaces of the Black Church, he discovered his vocation, worked to heal and bridge communities, and found the courage to risk his life for the sake of others.
The animating center of King’s understanding of community, often overlooked by his admirers, was God becoming human in Jesus Christ in order that the human family may learn how to be human together. King insisted that when God’s grace is understood as the basis of communities of reconciliation there is no Biblical or theological basis for segregation or racism. Every human, by virtue of being human, has etched in her or his person the indelible stamp of God’s grace.
According to King, human beings are created in God’s image; this means there are no gradations of human worth. The image of God is understood in terms of one’s relationship with God and with others, especially as this is expressed in the care for, and in the restoration of, community. Relationships mirror authentic community and witness to God’s image in us. It is in this context that King speaks of love for self, neighbor and God as “the three dimensions of the complete life.”
For King, self-love should be subordinate to love for neighbor. Like the Good Samaritan, each of us is called to risk her or his life for neighbor. King spoke of love as the dangerous altruism that aids us on the journey toward reconciliation. Love refuses to categorize people as Jew or Gentile, Immigrant or Muslim. With the Good Samaritan, we are called to look beyond the accidents of race, religion and national boundaries and view all persons as brothers and sisters created in the divine image. Commitment to reconciliation presses us to place the needs of the neighbor at the forefront of the quest to restore broken communities.
Throughout his life King was not concerned primarily with the survival of the Black community; he observed that this could keep segregation in place. His passion was for something beyond Black and White, mediated by the divine humility of sharing in the human struggle. King referred to this new reality as the Beloved Community.
Early in February, 1968, King returned to the Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta where he, and his father before him, had been pastors, and spoke of the price he was willing to pay to build the Beloved Community. He revealed that he often thought of his own death and funeral. King instructed the congregants not to make his funeral long nor mention the many awards he had received. They were to share that Martin Luther King, Jr. gave his life serving others—he fed the hungry, he clothed the naked, and he loved and served humanity. These, he said, are the marks of the Beloved Community.
Theologian King told us of the distance God is willing to go in order to restore broken relationships. According to King, the death of Christ on the cross was a sacrificial act not only because it transcended race, creed, class and nationality but also because it was dangerous and excessive—Christ offered his life as an oblation for the healing of relationships and communities. If the example of the Good Samaritan inspired King's commitment to build communities of reconciliation, the death of Christ on the cross was the guiding star that led him to side with America’s poor in demanding economic equality, social justice and redress of their grievances.
Good Friday represents the dangerous and excessive altruism of Jesus Christ. King embodied this altruism in Memphis when he joined the Sanitation Workers in their struggle for better safety standards and pay as members of the Beloved Community. King’s passion for reconciliation endured to the end. He said: “…tell them Martin Luther King, Jr. tried to love and serve humanity.” He paid the ultimate sacrifice, April 4, 1968.
Further Reading:
Abernathy, Ralph D. And the Walls Came Tumbling Down. New York: Harper & Row, 1989.
Garrow, David J. Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Southern Leadership Conference. New York: William Morrow, 1986.
Branch, Taylor. Parting the Waters: America in the King Years, 1954-1963. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1988.
Branch, Taylor. Pillar of Fire: America in the King Years, 1963-1965. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1998.
Branch, Taylor. At Canaan’s Edge, America in the King Years, 1965-1968. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006.
Fairclough, Adam. To Redeem the Soul of America: The Southern Leadership Conference and Martin Luther King, Jr. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1987.
Erskine, Noel Leo. King Among the Theologians. Cleveland, Ohio: Pilgrim Press, 1994.
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 Author, Noel Leo Erskine, (Ph.D. Union Theological Seminary) is Professor of Theology and Ethics at Emory University’s Candler School of Theology. His research focuses on the historical and complex nature of Black Theology, Revivalism, Rastafarianism and the theological perspective of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Prof. Erskine co-taught, with Coretta Scott King, on King’s life and thought at Emory University. |
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