Southern White Evangelical Decline -- Sightings (Martin Marty)

The country is becoming more diverse, and thus the cultural leaders of the past are finding it more difficult to retain their influence. In places like the Pacific Northwest and the Northeast religion casts a very short shadow. In the South that shadow is much longer, but as Martin Marty shows us -- it too is shortening. This is especially true of the influence of White Evangelicals who have been a cultural and political force in the South.  But is that drawing to a close?  Take a read.  

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Southern White Evangelical Decline
by MARTIN E. MARTY
Monday | Oct 27 2014
First Baptist Church of Jacksonville, Florida                            Credit: Fbcjax / Wikemedia Commons
Southern Evangelicals Dwindling—and Take the GOP Edge With Them screams a headline in the online Atlantic (17 Oct. 2014). Below it, Robert P. Jones, the adventurous and reliable CEO of the Public Religion Research Institute (PRRI) reports on the Institute's 43,000 interviews throughout 2013.

I’ll exegete the meaning of the first three words of that headline, and leave the last seven to prognosticators, politicians, and pollsters. Explanation: Sightings on Mondays doesn’t usually “do” political hard news and partisan opinion, thanks to a “division of labor.”

For once, a three-line autobiographical note is in order: for thirty-five years I taught graduate students in the University of Chicago Divinity School’s “religious” history area, which focuses on, yes, “religion.” I also taught in the University’s humanities’ Committee on the History of Culture, which concentrated on, yes, “culture.” Of course, the two spheres intersect. (Paul Tillich: “religion is the substance of culture, and culture the form of religion.”)

Still we specialize. My research led me less to the story of guns at Gettysburg or the gore in the trenches at Verdun than to letters written by mothers to desperately threatened soldiers or to the sermons of the grieving survivors of casualties.

We need a text to explain the division between religious history and politics. For me, a quotation by Josẻ Ortega y Gasset, loaned to me by my late colleague Karl J. Weintraub, has always been determinative: “Decisive historical changes do not come from great wars, terrible cataclysms, or ingenious inventions: it is enough that the heart of man incline its sensitive crown to one side or the other of the horizon”—in my case, toward deep versus casual commitment to the substance of evangelical Protestant faith and to its cultural forms in the American South.

What is happening to the “substance of culture” in the American South and in America at large, thanks to the “dwindling” mentioned in the headline is suggested by PRRI’s findings, corroborated by others and commented on by Jones. He remembers the “heady days of evangelical prominence in the 1980s and 1990s), when its leaders noted the decline of more liberal mainline Protestant culture.

Now? The core of the evangelical culture was in the Southern Baptist Convention, down from 22 to 18 percent in the most recent six years. Age? Three in ten of those over 65 were countable as white evangelical Protestants six years ago, only one in ten are findable in that cohort today.

What goes on? Jones: “the growth of non-black ethnic minorities”—blacks were mainly evangelical Protestants—and “surprisingly, the growth of the religiously unaffiliated across the South.” These and other factors suggest “the beginning of a major shift away from a robust white evangelical presence in the South.”

Jones is not anticipating last rites for it—don’t simply count it out, and don’t overlook its impressive but specialized (as opposed to culture-wide) vitalities. As noted above, I leave to others speculations, assessments, and prognostications of what all of this means for politics in 2014 and after. It is an alert to observers like me at the intersection of religion and culture to pay attention to the individual and communal directions and measures of the human heart as it “inclines its sensitive crown” this way or that.

Oh, yes, Ortega and Weintraub and the folks they influenced do not for a moment overlook or play down “historical changes that come from great wars, terrible cataclysms, or ingenious inventions,” represented currently by ISIS, Ebola and the digital revolutions.

Resources:

Jones, Robert P. “Southern Evangelicals: Dwindling —and Taking the GOP Edge With Them: Why are democrats keeping it close in five key Senate races? Look at changing demographics.” Atlantic, October 17, 2014, Politics.http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/10/the-shriking-evangelical-voter-pool/381560/.

Ortega y Gasset, José. Cited by Karl J. Weintraub in Visions of Culture: Voltaire, Guizot, Burckhardt, Lamprecht, Huizinga, Ortega Y Gasset. Second Printing edition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1969.

Public Religion Research Institute. www.publicreligion.org.

Image Credit: Fbcjax / Wikemedia Commons.

To read previous issues of Sightings, visit http://divinity.uchicago.edu/sightings-archive.
Author, Martin E. Marty, is the Fairfax M. Cone Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus of the History of Modern Christianity at the University of Chicago Divinity School. His biography, publications, and contact information can be found at www.memarty.com.
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